The Japanese Galleries at the British Museum in London are
sponsored by the Mitsubishi Group. In one corner sits a small Japanese tea
house. I witnessed a Japanese ceremony there on 7th August.
Urasenke Foundation
Three students from the Urasenke Foundation kindly
demonstrated and explained all the Japanese tea ceremony's details. There was
so much interest that there were not enough seats available for everyone. We were
happy to sit and listen on the floor. We all learnt that there is so much more
to the ceremony than the drinking of tea. Humility is an especially important
part of the process.
Chado
Our presenter kindly explained that the Japanese word
"Chado" is formed of two parts. "Cha" means
"tea"; "do" means "way" or "path". The Chado ceremony thus comes to mean "the way of tea".
Two guests were invited to the tea ceremony. One was one of
the Urasenke Foundation's students to show the way; the other was invited to
follow her from the gathered audience.
The two guests had to remove their shoes before entering the
tea house. The British Museum's Japanese tea house is a typical 16th century
design, although it is not a life-size version.
Humility
Guests have to crawl through a small entrance to enter the
tea house. The entrance is just 72cms in height. The need to crawl into the tea
house is supposed to remind guests to be humble and show humility towards
everyone inside. No matter how powerful you are, you are still expected to show
an attitude of humility towards your host and other guests. Even a great
Samurai warrior would have been expected to remove his weapons on entry and
crawl inside.
Once inside, the two guests looked at the various items used
in the tea preparation. They were offered a sweet tea first, before any other
tea.
Chinese Medicinal Origin
Our presenter explained that tea came to Japan from China.
It was originally taken as a medicine. As a result, you speak of 1 or 2
"doses" of tea in Japanese rather than "cups" of tea.
Meditation and Purity
The tea ceremony involves a period of meditation. All the
host's actions were measured, calm and respectful in preparing the tea for her
guests. She took great care in cleaning all the various tea items - bowls, tea
whisk, spoon, etc. She used the procedure laid down by the Tea Master and his
successors in the 16th century. Chado has its roots in the
"clarification" process from the Shinto religion. Before entering a
Shinto temple, it is important to wash your hands and mouth. It is a time to be
pure in both mind and soul.
Matcha Production Process
Our presenter explained that the tea used in the ceremony is
a powdered green tea called "matcha". Tea production starts in May.
Only the best leaves are picked when they are still just buds. They are
steamed, dried and left in a dark place for 6 months. Then, they are ground
into a fine powder. No machinery is used. The grinding is carried out with a
stone by hand.
This process develops and adds depth to the tea's flavour.
As the tea is powdered, no part is lost. The tea has a clear, clean colour. It
keeps all its vitamins as it has never been exposed to the sun. It is also
reputed to have anti-ageing properties.
Bowl turning
The guests bow to thank their host for the tea and show
their appreciation before drinking. It is very important to pass the tea bowl
with the front facing forwards. We saw how the tea bowl was turned in drinking,
as passed between host and guest and returned after drinking by the guests to
the host.
The front of the tea bowl usually bears a pattern. In
passing the bowl with the front facing forwards, the host shows the best part
to the guest. The guest drinks from the side. After drinking, the guest turns
the front of the bowl back to face them to see the best part again. Then, the
bowl is turned to face the host as it is returned.
Our presenter likened this procedure to how we would return
a book to someone. We return it facing right way for them to read the words on
the cover.
Mindful Atmosphere
If you are ever invited into a tea house in Japan, you are
expected to be humble. You should not wear any jewellery at all. No watches
either. You should put any jewellery or watches away in a pocket out of sight.
You should be mindful of your five senses and enjoy the beauty of nature. You
should not wear any strong perfume or aftershave as this would destroy the
atmosphere.
It was not permitted to film the tea ceremony or take photos
during the presentation. Chado is not a religion, yet it contains elements of both Buddhism
and Shintoism.
At the end of Chado, the hostess cleaned all the utensils
and bowls. She put them all back as they were at the beginning of the ceremony.
Questions
Our presenter answered various questions from the fascinated
audience at the end. She described how the tea's taste might appear bitter at
first, before a fuller flavour comes through as with coffee.
She was particularly respectful and attentive in answering
the questions of children at the front. She explained that the tea looked like
a frothy green version of cappuccino.
How much closer the world seems in the 21st century. A familiar Italian beverage can help British children, (and other nationalities), understand Japanese tea.
The Japanese tea ceremony provided some welcome calm within the
British Museum heaving with summer holiday visitors from all over the world. Although not mentioned, a time of humble reflection was a fitting way to start a weekend commemorating the
Nagasaki and Hiroshima atomic bombs of 70 years ago.
