Salt of the Earth

Salt of the Earth is a documentary on the life and work of Brazilian photographer Sebastião Salgado. German film-maker Wim Wenders co-directed it with Salgado's son Juliano. I saw it at the French Institute's Ciné Lumière in London.

The Salt of the Earth title refers to humanity. During an award-winning career, Salgada has recorded some of the world's major events with his camera. The film shows many of his still photographs in black and white. The images are both stark and powerful.

Brazilian gold mine

The documentary opens with a blank screen. Then, you see yourself looking down over a large, open-cast gold mine in Brazil. The miners resemble ants. It looks like Hell on Earth - yet that experience is saved for later in the film. The miners at least had the hope a rich seam of gold, as they carried their sacks of mud up ladders in a fast, steep climb.

Infant mortality

One of the most touching early scenes was set in North East Brazil. Infant mortality rates are high. Death is part of everyday life. Coffins-to-rent are lined up against the wall alongside fruit and vegetables for the living. If a child dies unbaptised its eyes are left open. They hope that it will still find the way from Limbo to Heaven.

Arctic

Juliano speaks of his father as a sort of superhero, who came and went on his photographic adventures throughout much of his childhood. He relished the chance to accompany his father. Together they go to the Arctic to photograph walruses and polar bears. Here, we also see some of the boredom and frustration at having to wait around for the desired shot and composition - never mind the discomfort of having to roll over hard pebbles to ultimately get close enough unseen.

Kuwait

Salgado captures the human spirit battling against seemingly impossible odds. In Kuwait, we see the burning oil wells in 1991. He captures the spirit of Canadian fireman still polishing up their fire engine at the end of a long, exhausting day - even though they know it will be covered with oil and dirt again in the morning. He shows the Kuwaiti royal family's thoroughbred horses driven mad by being left behind, trapped.

Africa

We see famine in Africa. A father carries his son only for him to die as they reach the doctor. Salgado shows others who survive, but whose lives and health will still be blighted by the experience. 

Rwanda

The most powerful shots are of the Rwandan refugees fleeing genocide. Salgado captures many traumatised souls in his lens on their trek between Rwanda and DRC. 210,000 did not make it. Those that did were sent back. He speaks of having to lay down his camera at times in tears. Some pictures are unbearable. He saw the real scenes in motion with his own eyes. He says:

"We [...] didn't deserve to live; no-one deserved to live. When I left there I no longer believed in anything".

Rebirth in Brazil

After the Hell on Earth that was Rwanda, Salgado said he felt sick without being physically sick. It was his wife Léila who raised the family morale. They replanted trees on the barren slopes of the once green family farm. She started something that others copied. The forest and its animals returned.

Together the Salgados created the Instituto Terra. Today, it serves as a testament to the power of the human spirit and nature to recover. 

Karen Andrews runs Anglicity Ltd. She is an entrepreneurial French to English translator, editor, content writer and marketing consultant. 
Contact karen@anglicity.com for further information on Anglicity's services.

"Don't even give them cake" (Calais 2015)

Migrants in Calais are so desperate to come to the UK that they are risking life and limb. Britain's answer? Barbed wire. Bash the French. Send in the dogs and the army. Deny them benefits perhaps? Let them starve? Mustn't encourage others...

Whatever next? Let them eat cake? This is supposed to be the civilised 21st century Britain.

They keep coming because Britain has a great reputation. The trouble with reputations - both good and bad - is that they can endure beyond real events.

These are not invaders. This is not 1066 and the Norman invasion. This is not the Spanish Armada with the Inquisition. The "invaders" are not Nazis.

Barbed wire and starvation won't stop migrants from coming. British foodbanks are bad enough. I do not wish my country to try and starve people out. I do not wish my country to turn a blind eye to adults, children or babies drowning in the Mediterranean.

Island mentality

Britain has such an island mentality. We are justly proud that we managed to maintain our independence despite the odds over centuries. We should be more sensitive to the fact that our European neighbours' countries were more easily turned into war zones.

One of the advantages of having European friends is that they can tell us when we are getting it wrong. The Germans may tell the Greeks that they have been spendthrifts. The Greeks may tell the Germans that they are being too austere. The British and French keep to verbal fisticuffs these days.

Eurotunnel

In March, I saw for myself the measures that Eurotunnel had taken to expand the compound, so that fewer lorries were exposed in the open. I heard about their thorough lorry checks. Frustration was rife over the same migrants returning day after day. French police were powerless. They had to keep putting the migrants back on the other side of the fence - a short distance away from where they were found.

I heard about the fights breaking out with lorry drivers, fearful of UK fines and damaged cargoes. There was exasperation that inadequate staffing levels in British passport control at Calais meant lorries had to queue on the motorway, making them sitting ducks for migrants. The Calais residents, drivers and Eurotunnel were afraid that migrants would be knocked down and killed on the dark road late at night.

My visit took place on 25th March 2015. The problem has been around even longer than that. It has just been ignored. A Guardian article describes a problem back in September 2001.

Scare them?

I saw a picture of a child passed over a barbed wire fence in the news. I remembered reading bedtime stories to my children at similar ages. Michael Rosen's "We're going on a Bear Hunt" came to mind. A father and family go out in search of a bear. They travel through all sorts of terrain and get scared by the bear in a cave and rush home. For these migrants the scary bear is at home. Even if Mr Cameron stands at the mouth of the tunnel and pretends to make himself as scary a bear as possible with the army for back-up, it won't be scare these migrants to go back home.

Increased cruelty may scare the ordinary British people more, already robbed of old social safety nets. Yet strangely greedy bankers still manage to stay out of prison.

The crisis in Calais is costing Britain money. If money is your priority, it is not working.

Reaction and overreaction

A little while ago I did a pro bono translation for the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) in Paris. I translated the annual report section on migrants. After the translation, I deleted "proud Brit, Francophile and Europhile" from my profile. It was a reaction. An overreaction. I just didn't feel so proud of my country or Europe after that translation. I translated the failure to accept accountability for migrants drowning in the Mediterranean. I translated legal avoidance tactics.

These migrants are desperate people. Some are fleeing torture, death, famine, etc.

And what if some of these desperate people prove to be economic migrants?

Opportunity in Family History

What is so wrong with wanting a better life for yourself and your family? My parents wanted a better life for me. They wanted me to have an education and greater opportunities than they had. I do not agree with all Margaret Thatcher's politics. I do appreciate that I got the opportunity to go to university because of the social mobility she fostered. Today, we are going backwards.

To the best of my knowledge my genealogy is completely British. My children however, are of Anglo-Indian descent on their father's side. Although our marriage did not last, I can still appreciate that his family came to Britain to give their children (and therefore my children too) better opportunities.

The family arrived on a ship at Marseille via the Mediterranean. The female line can be traced back to Poitiers in France during the French Revolution and to Tipperary in Ireland. They arrived in Britain in the bitterly cold winter of 1962-63. They were cheated out of the home they had pre-arranged (just as some migrants are being taken advantage of today). They ended up in a hostel and later in a one-bedroomed flat with 3 children under 5.

Life is not easy for immigrants in Britain. It is tough for the first generations to settle. They come for their children's education and opportunities. I remember watching a documentary on how hard immigrants found it to return to India after discovering that Britain is not the El Dorado that they had believed. They ended up sleeping under railway bridges or in sheds at the end of London gardens. Too proud to lose face and return home unsuccessful.

EU 2020 Initiative

I came to London from my native South West for greater job opportunities. Today the Internet can create jobs and improve educational access even in rural areas. The EU's 2020 initiative is providing improved broadband connections for Member States. Cornwall has benefited.  The EU now has satellite broadband available aimed at raising coverage to 100% in every Member State.

Estonia has made access to the Internet a human right. The digital divide creates more haves and have-nots. Without wifi access, it is difficult to compete economically or in education terms today. The gap may get wider. How about extending the 2020 initiative outside Europe?

Stop-gap solution or fix?

Conflict, famine and lack of opportunity are forcing migrants to leave their own lands. As a project manager, I know you can keep applying a stop-gap solution to a problem, but in the end it comes unravelled in a spectacular way. It is far better to deal with the problem at source.

The source of the problem is not at Calais - nor is it in the Mediterranean. People don't like charity. The majority don't sponge off the state. Put more effort into solving the world's conflicts, create education and business opportunities via the Internet wherever they are and they will help themselves. An unrealistic ideal? Africa has already shown it prefers to help itself.

Dedicated or crisis budget?

Ah, but it will cost money.... It's costing money now. Far better to have a dedicated budget than a crisis one. The solution has to be a long-term one. Better get started now. If we had started back in 2001, there wouldn't be such a problem today.

Maybe international aid should be seen as the repayment of a debt rather than a hand-out? Once Africans were snatched from their homeland into slavery. Today they come of their own free will and we won't let them in. What a cruel paradox. 

Guardian: Migrant life in Calais' jungle

Japanese Tea Ceremony

The Japanese Galleries at the British Museum in London are sponsored by the Mitsubishi Group. In one corner sits a small Japanese tea house. I witnessed a Japanese ceremony there on 7th August.

Urasenke Foundation
Three students from the Urasenke Foundation kindly demonstrated and explained all the Japanese tea ceremony's details. There was so much interest that there were not enough seats available for everyone. We were happy to sit and listen on the floor. We all learnt that there is so much more to the ceremony than the drinking of tea. Humility is an especially important part of the process.

Chado
Our presenter kindly explained that the Japanese word "Chado" is formed of two parts. "Cha" means "tea"; "do" means "way" or "path". The Chado ceremony thus comes to mean "the way of tea".

Two guests were invited to the tea ceremony. One was one of the Urasenke Foundation's students to show the way; the other was invited to follow her from the gathered audience.

The two guests had to remove their shoes before entering the tea house. The British Museum's Japanese tea house is a typical 16th century design, although it is not a life-size version.

Humility
Guests have to crawl through a small entrance to enter the tea house. The entrance is just 72cms in height. The need to crawl into the tea house is supposed to remind guests to be humble and show humility towards everyone inside. No matter how powerful you are, you are still expected to show an attitude of humility towards your host and other guests. Even a great Samurai warrior would have been expected to remove his weapons on entry and crawl inside.

Once inside, the two guests looked at the various items used in the tea preparation. They were offered a sweet tea first, before any other tea.

Chinese Medicinal Origin

Our presenter explained that tea came to Japan from China. It was originally taken as a medicine. As a result, you speak of 1 or 2 "doses" of tea in Japanese rather than "cups" of tea.

Meditation and Purity

The tea ceremony involves a period of meditation. All the host's actions were measured, calm and respectful in preparing the tea for her guests. She took great care in cleaning all the various tea items - bowls, tea whisk, spoon, etc. She used the procedure laid down by the Tea Master and his successors in the 16th century. Chado has its roots in the "clarification" process from the Shinto religion. Before entering a Shinto temple, it is important to wash your hands and mouth. It is a time to be pure in both mind and soul.

Matcha Production Process

Our presenter explained that the tea used in the ceremony is a powdered green tea called "matcha". Tea production starts in May. Only the best leaves are picked when they are still just buds. They are steamed, dried and left in a dark place for 6 months. Then, they are ground into a fine powder. No machinery is used. The grinding is carried out with a stone by hand.

This process develops and adds depth to the tea's flavour. As the tea is powdered, no part is lost. The tea has a clear, clean colour. It keeps all its vitamins as it has never been exposed to the sun. It is also reputed to have anti-ageing properties.

Bowl turning
The guests bow to thank their host for the tea and show their appreciation before drinking. It is very important to pass the tea bowl with the front facing forwards. We saw how the tea bowl was turned in drinking, as passed between host and guest and returned after drinking by the guests to the host.

The front of the tea bowl usually bears a pattern. In passing the bowl with the front facing forwards, the host shows the best part to the guest. The guest drinks from the side. After drinking, the guest turns the front of the bowl back to face them to see the best part again. Then, the bowl is turned to face the host as it is returned.

Our presenter likened this procedure to how we would return a book to someone. We return it facing right way for them to read the words on the cover.

Mindful Atmosphere
If you are ever invited into a tea house in Japan, you are expected to be humble. You should not wear any jewellery at all. No watches either. You should put any jewellery or watches away in a pocket out of sight. You should be mindful of your five senses and enjoy the beauty of nature. You should not wear any strong perfume or aftershave as this would destroy the atmosphere.

It was not permitted to film the tea ceremony or take photos during the presentation. Chado is not a religion, yet it contains elements of both Buddhism and Shintoism.

At the end of Chado, the hostess cleaned all the utensils and bowls. She put them all back as they were at the beginning of the ceremony.

Questions
Our presenter answered various questions from the fascinated audience at the end. She described how the tea's taste might appear bitter at first, before a fuller flavour comes through as with coffee.

She was particularly respectful and attentive in answering the questions of children at the front. She explained that the tea looked like a frothy green version of cappuccino.

How much closer the world seems in the 21st century.  A familiar Italian beverage can help British children, (and other nationalities), understand Japanese tea. 

The Japanese tea ceremony provided some welcome calm within the British Museum heaving with summer holiday visitors from all over the world. Although not mentioned, a time of humble reflection was a fitting way to start a weekend commemorating the Nagasaki and Hiroshima atomic bombs of 70 years ago.

Many thanks to the Urasenke Foundation.

From Sceptic to Digital Convert

Reluctant hack converts to enthusiastic digital journalist would be a fitting subtitle. Jon Henley described his conversion to digital journalism in the first session of The Guardian's latest Masterclass. His experiences contain echoes and insights for the translation community and many other fields.

Jon Henley started his career as a Dutch to English translator. Like many a translator, he has seen a dramatic transformation since the old typewriter days. He shared his journey as an "ageing hack" (his words, not mine), who is now embracing the digital revolution. He outlined the opportunities in "New Ways of Storytelling".

Old days

In the past, journalists viewed themselves as "dispensers of the truth". They would decide

a) what was newsworthy

b) its degree of importance

and even

c) your opinion on the subject.

The traffic was all one-way. There was little comeback from readers. Newspapers provided "the first draft of history". Even the letters page involved careful selection and editing.

Journalism today

And now? Journalists have lost their monopoly. Jon viewed this challenge as "a good thing in retrospect". Today, anyone with a smartphone and a Twitter account can act as a journalist. The Egyptian people tell the world about unfolding events in Tahrir Square.

Engaged readers

Jon acknowledged that some readers have always known more than journalists on a given subject. Journalists are not always accurate. Today, the general public can correct them. And they do...

Today's audience act as fact-checkers and contributors. They comment. They propose storylines. They suggest new contacts and avenues to explore.

Millions access The Guardian's website rather than the printed newspaper. They find their way via a web search or a shared link on a variety of platforms.

Readers have now also become distributors. The traffic is now "multi-million way". News flows in all directions.

"Articles are the beginning of a process, not the end".

 Andrew Sparrow's Politics Live blogs illustrated this point.

Journalists in demand

Despite the dramatic transformation, the underlying principles remain the same. In Jon's view, the old days were not necessarily the "good old days". Whereas journalists used to approach people for stories, those very same people now come in the front door actively seeking journalists out.

Stories of the Greek people

Jon contrasted the "bad old days" as a foreign correspondent in France with his more recent experience of reporting on the Greek crisis. He described French bashing after consulting with the past's limited sources against the use of Twitter to engage with ordinary Greeks for stories of hardship and self-help. He had hundreds of replies before even landing in Athens.

Responsible follow-up

Open journalism is not without its difficulties. A medical story could have threatened Greek tourism when German and British tabloids picked it up. A good follow-up story created a positive vibe and increased The Guardian's web traffic. There was even a tweeted suggestion of Greek citizenship.

                                  "Responsive and responsible journalism".

The project was conceived on the Internet from the very start. The audience really wanted to get involved. They wanted people to be properly and honestly informed about their situation. 

Jon Henley is now convinced that working in this way helps to rebuild public confidence. In the public eye, journalists have a reputation that is "not much above politicians".

Verification remains important. The response can make you dizzy. A journalist should not abandon traditional judgement and values. Reports should still be objective, accurate, balanced and complete.

Benefits of open journalism

Open journalism harvests stories and gets results faster than the old ways. It is:

a) effective

b) beneficial - building trust and engagement

c) essential in the Internet age (although not suitable for everything).

Powerful storytelling

Video is a powerful way to tell a story, as in the case of a Tasmanian family hiding from a bushfire. The Guardian's Firestorm included videos taken by those on the scene at the time. The interactive story took weeks to create.

It is hard to predict what the future will bring. Journalism has changed dramatically in just 5 years. In Jon Henley's opinion, the transformation has brought more effective and responsible reporting, a more democratic relationship with readers and terrific storytelling.

Karen Andrews runs
Anglicity Ltd. She is
an entrepreneurial
French to English
translator, editor,
content writer and
marketing consultant. 

Contact karen@anglicity.com 
for further information 
on Anglicity's services.

Red light for innovation challenges?

Walking and waving a red flag in front of a moving car? Preposterous! Yet, the US and the UK had just such a law as a safety precaution in the 19th century.

Driverless cars, drones, unmanned aircraft, space rockets, satellites and probes to Pluto... What on earth would our ancestors think? Technology is moving at a faster pace than the majority of us can take in. Should we rein in our modern day innovators, pioneers and explorers with red and amber flags while we catch up?

Driverless cars

Google reported that its driverless cars keep having accidents. The June 2015 report stated: "Not once was the self-driving car the cause of the accident". Inattentive humans are the problem.

Is the obvious fix to ban all human drivers from the road in future? It's not that simple.

Car hacking

A current Wired article is entitled Hackers remotely kill a jeep on the highway - with me in it. In a test, hackers toyed remotely with the air-conditioning, radio, windscreen wipers and then the accelerator at 70 mph...  Off the road and into a ditch... The manufacturer has issued a recall to prevent the vehicles from being controlled remotely. Recalls don't come cheap.

Accidents on land can be contained. What of the skies?

Drones

There is alarm about drone safety - particularly the unregulated use of hobby drones. In late January, Le Monde reported that drones had flown over 17 French nuclear power stations since October 2014. 

After the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, the world is understandably uneasy. A major earthquake followed by a 15-metre tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of three Fukushima Daiichi reactors. An unpredictable sequence of events?

Unmanned aircraft

Unmanned craft already fly the skies on spying missions. NASA's unmanned Global Hawk can remain aloft for up to 30 hours at high altitudes. It is being used for atmospheric analysis, but was originally developed for military use. 

Challenger
NASA employs some of the world's most brilliant scientists. They've known both glorious successes and heart-breaking disasters. The Challenger Space Shuttle accident cost 7 lives.  Just 0.678 seconds after lift-off, there was a strong puff of grey smoke. The two cameras that should have reported the precise location were inoperative. A rapid series of events from 72.20 seconds followed. Challenger exploded after 73.137 seconds.

The Presidential Commission's report on the Space Shuttle disaster is full of technical detail. The accident was due to faulty design. A faulty pressure seal caused a major setback in space exploration. In the NASA control room, they knew the astronauts. They knew their voices.

Rockets explode. Satellites and probes malfunction. Space is filling up with junk.

3D printing

Technology is developing at such a pace that it is hard to predict all the challenges in advance.  Some are overstated. When 3D printing came to the fore, people worried that it would be used to make guns.

Today, most geeks content themselves with posting pictures of epic failures or cereal-box-style Star Wars characters online. 3D technology is saving lives in the medical field today.

Hacking inevitable?

Experts treat hacking as inevitable. They seek to minimise risk. Total prevention is not viewed as realistic. The "good guys" play catch up with the "bad guys". Hacking pays well.

Red and amber flags?

Modern technology is exciting. The pace is so fast. There is little time to question if technology is always being used in the best interests of Man. History should teach us caution. Do we need to slow down a bit and take stock? Issue some red and amber flags?

Shared planet

If only the best minds could work on climate change for all Earth's residents. We never get on well with all our neighbours. We just have to find a way to coexist.

Relocation isn't an option. NASA hasn't found another habitable planet for us.

Karen Andrews runs
Anglicity Ltd. She is
an entrepreneurial
French to English
translator, editor,
content writer and
marketing consultant. 

Contact karen@anglicity.com 
for further information 
on Anglicity's services.

 

Guardian Masterclass on Investigative Journalism

Wikileaks, CIA secret flights, Qatar World Cup, Prince Charles's "black spider" memos, social housing scandals, chicken and horsemeat scandals, Serco, HSBC... The list reads like a summary of some of the best investigative journalism of recent years. Attendees at July's Guardian Masterclass were treated to inspiring guidance from the reporters behind these prominent news stories.

The four experts sharing their experiences of investigative reporting were none other than:

David Leigh, Investigations Executive Editor, The Guardian & City University

Felicity Lawrence, Special Correspondent & Investigative Reporter, The Guardian

RobertBooth, Senior Reporter, The Guardian

HelenDarbishire, Executive Director, Access Info Europe

The audience was a mixture of aspiring and working journalists - as well the curious from a variety of backgrounds.

Basic reporting skills

Robert Booth began the day with a presentation on the basics. He described how various sources built the Prince Charles stories. An initial investigation can turn into a much bigger story - e.g. a migrant worker abuse story moved ever closer to the Qatar World Cup organising committee. Relatively little of weeks or months of work finds its way into the eventual story.

" Investigative journalism can be arduous,

but it creates some of the best reports"

Dogged determination

Felicity Lawrence's investigations have largely focused on food production. She described the dogged determination required to pursue a story against the politics of food, big brands, powerful lawyers and transnational companies. The latter can be more powerful than a State in the modern world.

Felicity described how to work with confidential sources and whistle-blowers. She stressed the importance of going to the companies concerned and asking questions in an appropriate manner. She prefers to make an initial contact by phone and then follow up with her questions in an email.  Felicity described her approach as working within her personality, i.e. not aggressive.

Legal threats

If the company decides to employ a top legal firm to warn you off the story, you know you are "on to something". Twelve-page legal letter? Time for high-fives.

Personal safety

Both Felicity and Robert emphasised the importance of having colleagues to share difficulties with. In Felicity's case, working with a team provided some protection when the story revealed organised crime.

"Great merit in being a middle-aged woman with grey hair.

When you walk in, no-one sees you"

Felicity stressed the strength of video in modern journalism and the role of undercover filming in the chicken news stories. The downside is that there is no room for nuance, subtleties or the denials required legally. Some people clam up on video. Others even find being confronted by a notebook intimidating. A combination of reporting methods is the ideal mix.

After Felicity's tales of dirty chicken, it was a relief to discover that the Guardian canteen had a fish and vegetarian menu. The canteen has a great view of the somewhat aptly named Battlebridge Basin.

Guardian Canteen overlooks the canal and Battlebridge Basin

Freedom of Information

After lunch, Helen Darbishire gave a presentation entitled Your Right to Know: Legal Leaks. She is based in Spain, the country with the most recent Freedom of Information Act of 10 December 2014. From her historical presentation, it rather seemed that the UK is endeavouring to buck the trend for greater access.

Helen provided a wealth of information that could form its own entirely separate blog. She stressed how Freedom of Expression includes the Right of Access to Information. Her ten tips on how to request information and success stories should encourage all attendees to launch their own FOI requests in future. As she said in her final tip:

It’s your right: 
use it or lose it!

"The Enemies"

David Leigh's presentation Enemies of Investigative Journalism was the highlight at the end of a fascinating day. He described how 50% of the energy in any news story has to go into getting the story out and published.

Who are these alleged enemies? 

1. The journalists' own bosses who may not want to "tweak the cat's tail at this difficult time".

2. A subset of the intelligence services - especially if the story touches on their own activities as in the case of Snowden.

3. The Law - there are all sorts of legal hurdles. Top lawyers are paid to intimidate investigative journalists on behalf of high profile individuals. (There is no such protection for ordinary people). 

David carefully and dramatically uncovered these alleged enemies using the wording of the legal firms' own websites.

Libel

Libel law has journalists treading on eggshells. A libel case can cripple an NGO. A case is expensive whether you win or lose. An apology can be exacted for a trivial mistake, even if there is substantial evidence that a company has been "up to no good".

UK legal fees

A University of Oxford academic study compared legal fees for defamation proceedings across Europe. Fees in the UK under a conditional fee agreement are 140 times more costly than the average cost of the other countries (Source: International Bar Association). David explained The Reynolds Defence. The new UK Defamation Act of 2014 has reduced libel tourism.

The traditional newspaper business model is difficult to fund in the internet age. People want to save investigative journalism for the Nation. A story rarely ends well for a whistle-blower. Massive data leaks cannot be prevented. They will happen over and over again in the future.

Cross-border collaboration brings success today in investigative journalism.

"Rich and victorious time for investigative journalism"

I came away from the Guardian Masterclass inspired and full of admiration for the reporters who pursue news stories so doggedly. Investigative journalism and freedom of information make a difference in our world. The small organisation and "the little guy" stand a much better chance of being heard thanks to professional investigative reporters.

Karen Andrews runs
Anglicity Ltd. She is
an entrepreneurial
French to English
translator, editor,
content writer and
marketing consultant. 

Contact karen@anglicity.com 
for further information 
on Anglicity's services.