Armed with a Pen

He gave no speeches. 

He fired no bullets. 

Armed with only a pen and pencil, he changed the outcome of the War.

The Dutch cartoonist Louis Raemaekers became world famous during the First World War. His influence had a profound effect on the perception and course of events. He said:

“I want people to know, to think, to see the war as it is.”

As I entered the Dutch centre I was struck by a contrast. Happy, brightly-coloured modern paintings of cupcakes lined the walls. One of Raemaekers stark drawings appeared larger than life ahead of me.

Danse macabre

A woman was dancing with a skeleton. One bony hand rested at her waist, the other held her hand up. The skeleton had his back to the room. He was all bone except for his dance shoes. The woman was flesh and blood. She wore a gown, a crown and her hair in pigtails. She gazed up into his eyes (or where they should have been). Maybe she still saw the man she once knew? She seemed weak and hunched. Her red eyes contrasted against red lipstick in the otherwise dark cartoon.

The image made me think of the generation of women left behind. I later discovered that my interpretation was wrong. The following words appeared under the cartoon:

The German Tango – “From East to West and West to East, I dance with thee.”

Raemaekers portrays Germany in the thrall of a medieval danse macabre. It is a dance to the death. Once begun, it cannot be stopped.

A quotation from Louis Raemaekers’ obituary in The Times also appeared on the screen:

“It has been said of Louis Raemaekers that he was the one private individual who exercised a real and great influence on the course of the 1914-18 War.

Louis Raemaekers stands conspicuous as the one man who, without any assistance of title or office, indubitably swayed the destinies of peoples.”

London, July 1956

Dutch Centre Talk

Who was this influential man now apparently forgotten? Ariane de Ranitz presented her research and book on Louis Raemaekers to the Dutch Centre’s audience. Two of the cartoonists' great-grandchildren were present to hear about their ancestor.

Upbringing

Louis Raemaekers was born and grew up in Roermond in the Netherlands. The city stands in the South-east of the Netherlands. Both Belgium and Germany are within ‘touching’ distance on either side. The young Louis regularly visited his German mother’s relatives over the border. He developed a strong sense of right and wrong.

Emotional Cartoons

His later cartoons scream outrage against the use of citizens as human shields. He lived in neutral Netherlands. Belgian refugees poured across the border describing massacres by German soldiers. Raemaekers drew with a deep sense of shock. Although nervous, he could not stay silent. While the national government remained neutral, he felt that an individual was free to hold a different opinion.

Raemaekers’ cartoons appeared in De Telegraaf. They were not small, hidden at the bottom of the page, inside or at the back. They were huge drawings dead centre on the front page of the broadsheet.

Dutch Neutrality

It seems remarkable today, as it did at the time, that the fiercest satire should come from a neutral rather than a Frenchman or Belgian against Germany. His work carried more weight worldwide because of Dutch neutrality. 

Ultimately, Raemaekers had to leave the Netherlands for Britain for his own safety and that of his family. The German Kaiser had put a bounty on his head. 

Britain to US

From Britain, he ridiculed the indecisiveness of the American President to intervene in the war. His involvement in Allied War propaganda spread in a variety of formats. Lloyd George persuaded Raemaekers to go to the US. There, thousands of American newspapers published his cartoons. He changed the tide of opinion.

Second World War

As early as 1933, Raemaekers again spotted and depicted the threat coming this time from Nazi Germany. He had to leave for the US shortly before the start of the Second World War. His drawings, papers and correspondence with leaders such as Churchill were sent on ahead to Stanford University.

Many nations covered Louis Raemaekers in honours. His native Netherlands took much longer to recognise the great achievements of his pen. His epitaph reads:

Here rests Louis Raemaekers, great warrior for truth and justice.

Links and references: 
Ariane de Ranitz: Louis Raemaekers (link includes the danse macabre cartoon described above)
The Dutch Centre

Ebooks on Louis Raemaekers - the cartoonist who helped win the First World War

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Painting Naturally

Dutch Flowers followed by My Back to Nature. Two National Gallery exhibitions in one day; two entirely different approaches. Both had Nature as the subject. Both inspired reflections on the ‘arts’ of translation and copywriting. A difference in artistic perspective?

Art v Text

If I were to pick up a paint brush, I wouldn’t choose to follow either exhibition’s style. Artists are lucky. No-one is likely to come along and decide that they have got that bit wrong and should redo it. (Unless you are my fellow Bristolian Banksy and positively invite it). 

An unfortunate drip of paint may be incorporated into a painting. The viewer simply assumes the ‘slip’ was part of the artist’s intention.

You can admire elements of someone else’s style or approach without feeling the need to intervene. Unfortunately, that isn’t always the case with translations and copywriting.

No-one would dare to smudge out a few bits of a painting, having just progressed beyond painting by numbers.

If you are a translator or copywriter, you may well be subjected to a reviser’s Michelangelo flourish in the middle of your Pop Art.

Claims of artistic licence and originality will not wash. The reviser will not see the creativity for the textual equivalent of a drip of paint.

The two exhibitions at the National Gallery, Trafalgar Square, London, UK:

Dutch Flowers

Exhibition runs until 29 August 2016

Free admission

George Shaw: My Back to Nature

Exhibition runs until 30 October 2016

Free admission

A Taste of Frisian

Friesland's flag with its lily pad symbols

The humour continued in the Dutch Embassy’s language and culture taster class. Dutch was followed by Frisian. It is the second official language of the Netherlands. It is spoken in Friesland in the northern part of the country. Old Frisian is the closest language to Old English.

Duco

Dr Doekele van Oostrum introduced the Europe House audience to his native tongue. Frisian is a language that he only generally gets to speak with his family. This presentation was the first that he had ever carried out bearing his birth name of Doekele. In order to survive in the Dutch-speaking world, his parents had advised a switch to “Duco”. Little did they realise that the Dutch have a tendency to call their dogs “Duco”.

Duco is not a language teacher. Instead he teaches American English literature at the University of Sheffield. He relished the chance to explain his native culture to us. He interspersed his tales with snippets of the Frisian language.

Culture and Flag

Frisian is not just another of the Dutch dialects. Friesland has a strong cultural history. It has its own flag (above). Its seven symbols, commonly mistaken for hearts, represent lily pads.

History and Legend

There is no getting away from the fact that Duco’s ancestors were a violent, bloodthirsty people. The Frisian Pagans fought ferociously to keep their independence from both government and religion.

Today’s Frisians are fiercely proud of defeating the Romans in AD28. They scared the Romans off for good. They never came back. Everyone knows their Tacitus.

The Frisians brutally killed anyone who got too close to them. St Boniface was killed by the Frisians. Even dragons daren’t venture near Friesland according to legend.

The most important figure in Frisian history is Grutte Pier (Big Peter). He was a pirate by the name of Piers Gerlof Donia (1480-1520). His long sword can be found in the Frisian cultural museum.

Status and PR

Duco attributed the official status of the Frisian language to good PR. Friesland boasts the oldest Dutch University dating back to 1581. The language is taught in primary school. It can even be found in Google Translate – although as a linguist it is hard to know whether to congratulate or commiserate with the Frisians on this point.

Twitter shot of Duco presenting Frisian Cultural Heritage

Language and Heritage

Friesland has its own radio and TV stations. There are dual language signs in Frisian cities. 

Ûs Mem

When the British think of Frisians, we think of Frisian cows first of all. It was therefore a surprise that the second most famous figure was a statue of a cow. Frisians traditionally refer to her as “Our Mother” (Ûs Mem).

Sport and Singing

Sport is an important part of Frisian culture. A gruelling 220km ice skating race is a revered tradition - though a rare event. It depends on the icy conditions. There was a massive gap between 1963 and 1985. In one famous race out of 1600 starters only 100 finished. Duco likened the Dutch ability to watch such skating races endlessly to the British ability to watch cricket.

Other Famous Frisians

Many renowned Frisians were skaters – including one world champion, a housewife and mother, who defeated a field of much younger women.

We all knew at least one Frisian – the famous spy Mata Hari from Leeuwarden.

We also heard about hand tennis matches and boat races with low keels. Heerenveen football matches are great occasions at which to speak and sing only in Frisian. Duco played us some Frisian songs. He pointed out how much easier it would be for us to speak than Dutch.

Frisian Sayings and Song

Duco likened the character of the Frisians to Brits from Yorkshire. They are pragmatists and prone to understatement. We learnt some great Frisian sayings including:

Foar de kofje net eamelje – don’t whine before coffee

Duco ended by playing a song to illustrate the beauty of his native language. Hallelujah is sung by Nynke Laverman:

Dutch is FUN

For sheer entertainment value it has to be 10/10. No, this is not a review of a West End Show, but a language and culture class at Europe House in London.

The Dutch readily concede that their language is not the most melliferous on the planet. If you want honey in your ear, better study Italian. Judging by Thursday’s taster class, the Dutch do not take their language too seriously. They certainly know how to make learning about language and culture FUN.

Swamp Language

First up was Gaston Dorren, author of Lingo: A language spotter’s guide to Europe. The title of his talk had worried me in advance. Dutch: the Sound of the Swamp sounded derogatory. A frog peered out from the screen at us all.

Frogland

All became clear. Gaston showed how the story of Dutch began in a swamp with detailed maps. Clever drainage and building up hillocks improved the landscape. The Dutch use Frogland as a term of endearment for their country.

Gaston Dorren presents sign interpreters with Dutch gender challenges

Size v. Influence

Gaston joked about the size of the Netherlands. At one seventh of the size of the UK, it could fit into Scotland and get “mislaid” up there. He explained how Dutch appears in the top 1% of the world’s languages. Dutch has 24 million speakers. It is the twelfth most widely used language on the internet. It is the fifth most commonly requested language in job vacancies according to a 2013 UK survey.

History

How did the Netherlands become so influential? It became populated and prosperous at a time when Northern Germany was in economic decline. Gaston acknowledged a “shameful colonial past”. Standing in London before a largely British audience, he had no fear of anyone throwing stones on the subject. He reduced the historical wars between our two countries to wins, losses and draws as though they were international football matches. Our two nations do so love the beautiful game.

Dialects

The country’s geography helped create extraordinary linguistic diversity. There are very different dialects. A dialect on one side of this small country is unintelligible on the other side. You can still hear traces from the three original tribes. Gaston attributed their retention to the population’s lack of mobility. They didn’t travel much for 1500 years. If you need a huge pole to cross all the wet bits, well, you don’t get very far from home.

Pronunciation

Dutch has a reputation for difficult sounds. Gaston admitted that getting your pronunciation wrong could cause difficulties in the kitchen. You might get your eggs and onions muddled up. Disastrous.

The infamous “g”

It is the “unpleasant g” sound produced in the throat that is the real issue for English-speakers. Henriette Louwerse of the University of Sheffield tackled the “g” issue head on. No room for any delicacy. Dutch is loud. Seconds into the language class, she had the whole room grazing their throats to throw up the correct sound.

Henriette Louwerse demonstrates Dutch sounds

Attitude to language

Henriette continued the humorous tone set by Gaston. She regaled us with the incredulity of her compatriots that she taught Dutch language and literature in Britain. The Dutch are proud of their country, art history, football and sports. They have never won a Nobel Prize for Literature. While they expect refugees to learn Dutch to integrate, Henriette described the attitude as “mercantile” rather than emotional.

Badges

The Dutch will insist on speaking in English to her students however. She has to equip them with humorous badges to overcome the problem: “I speak Dutch. Can I do it with you?”

Goal

Obviously, Henriette could not teach the whole room her native tongue in just 30 minutes. A better target was to be able to pronounce Dutch footballers’ and football managers’ names correctly. We all repeated the various sounds after her.

Intonation

Henriette demonstrated the rising intonation of Dutch questions. The intonation may sound exaggerated to an English ear. It is important if you want a Dutch person to understand that you are asking a question. Otherwise you risk not getting what you want.

Tactile

In the Netherlands, you do not greet someone from a distance. The words alone are not sufficient. The Dutch are a tactile nation. You must go right up to them, look them in the eye and shake them firmly by the hand as you greet them.

Henriette explains how easy Dutch is

Catching Enthusiasm

Otherwise Dutch is apparently easy for English speakers. Henriette proved this to us by having us decipher two printed conversations on a leaflet. No problem. Henriette is the kind of teacher you can’t disagree with. Her enthusiasm is catching.

Dutch Embassy

This great language taster event was organised by the Dutch Embassy with Europe House’s language officers Paul Kaye and Stephen Turkington. Paul gave particular credit to Lauren Harris at the embassy.

Attentive full house at Dutch and Frisian taster classes

At the break they laid on Dutch beer and delicacies. They catered for everyone. The ground floor venue gave easy access for a knowledgeable disabled guest. Two BSL signers interpreted for two deaf visitors amid the full house. It can’t have been easy interpreting some of Gaston and Henriette’s vocabulary - never mind the speedy and humorous delivery.

Every six months, Europe House stages an event celebrating the language and culture of the current holders of the EU Presidency. Slovakia will hold its first-ever Presidency of the EU next. The Dutch have set the bar very high for the Slovak Embassy.